Dataset coverage: 309 coastal cities, 1966–2026

• Each dot is one city in the dataset, colored by its assigned region. The dataset spans ten coastal regions along the Gulf Stream / AMOC influence zone: the US East Coast, Canada, Caribbean, Western Europe, Northern Europe, the North Atlantic islands, North Africa, West Africa, the Mediterranean, and South America.
• Coverage is intentionally weighted toward coasts and islands, where ocean-adjacent climates are most likely to register Gulf Stream heat flux signals. Interior stations would introduce continental temperature variance that could obscure ocean-circulation-related trends.
• City selection prioritized stations with long records (≥ 40 usable years) and WMO-standard instrumentation so that trend estimates span a statistically meaningful portion of the 60-year study window.
• Switch to any of the seven trend layers below to explore how temperatures, precipitation, and wind are changing across this network.